簡介Introduction
在本活動中，你會利用你的智能手機來製作一個顯微鏡。你需要應用關於光顯微鏡的各部分及其功能的知識。你還有機會展示你在工程學上的技能、創意、團隊合作性和溝通技巧。
In this activity, you will use your smartphones to make a microscope. During the activity you will need to apply your knowledge about the components of a light microscope and their functions. You will also have a chance to demonstrate your engineering skills, creativity, team work and communication skills.
背景知識：光顯微鏡的各部分及其功能Background knowledge: the components of a light microscope and their functions
細閱以下内容以重温光顯微鏡的各部分及其功能。
- 光顯微鏡是一種複式顯微鏡，由目鏡和物鏡兩組透鏡組成。
- 光顯微鏡利用透鏡折射光線的能力，把來自標本的光線聚焦成放大的影像。
Study the content below to revise the components of a light microscope and their functions:
- A light microscope is a compound microscope consisting of two sets of lenses: eyepieces and objectives.
- The light microscope makes use of lenses to refract and focus light from the specimen to form a magnified image.
活動Task
老師會把同學分成三至五人的小組。與組員合作設計和製作一個顯微鏡。設計顯微鏡時，要注意以下各項︰
Your teacher will divide the class in groups of three to five. Collaborate with your group members to make a handy microscope. Remember that the microscope:
- 顯微鏡的設計應包含智能手機和透鏡（或玻璃珠）。
- 顯微鏡應能表示光顯微鏡的運作原理和其重要部分。
- 顯微鏡應能放大標本和產生影像。
- should be designed with the use of a smartphone and a lens (or a glass bead).
- should illustrate the working principle and key components of a light microscope.
- must be functional to magnify specimens and produce images.
設計顯微鏡Design the microscope
1.
老師會提供透鏡或玻璃珠給你。你需要把透鏡或玻璃珠和智能手機組合在一起，製作出一個顯微鏡。繪畫並標示你的設計，並扼要地描述製作顯微鏡的步驟。
Your teacher will give you a lens or a glass bead. You need to combine the lens or glass bead with your smartphone to make a microscope. Draw and label your design. Briefly describe your steps in making the microscope.
2.
列出你的設計所需的物料。你可選擇使用任何容易取得的物料。
You may choose to use any materials that are easily available. List the materials your group will use.
3.
寫出設計顯微鏡時你所參考的資料來源。
Write the source(s) of any reference you used when designing your microscope.
製作及展示顯微鏡Make the microscope and communicate results
1.
經老師准許後，你和組員便可收集所需物料和製作顯微鏡。
3.
老師會根據以下評核準則來評核你的表現。
| 評核準則 |
水平 |
| 優異 |
良好 |
平平 |
差劣 |
|
生物學知識的應用
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
解難能力
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
創新的設計
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
報告及演示
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
引用參考資料
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
整體水平
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
1.
After getting your teacher’s approval, you can collect your materials and make the microscope.
2.
Present and demonstrate your microscope to the class.
3.
Your teacher will evaluate your work based on the following grading rubric.
| Assessment criteria |
Quality of work |
| Excellent |
Good |
Fair |
Poor |
Application of biological knowledge
- Microscope illustrates the working principle and key components of a light microscope.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Practical solution
- Microscope must be able to magnify specimens and produce images.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Innovative design
- Innovative method to combine a lens or a glass bead with a smartphone.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Presentation
- Clear and well-organized oral presentation, proper use of scientific language.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Reference acknowledgement
- Any references used are properly acknowledged.
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
|
Overall quality of work
|
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
4.
What modifications can you make to improve your microscope?
問題Questions
1.
玻璃珠（或透鏡）和智能手機的相機分別代表光顯微鏡的甚麼部分？這些部分在光顯微鏡中有甚麼功能？
What do the glass bead (or lens) and the camera of the smartphone represent in a light microscope? State their functions in the light microscope.
2.
在光顯微鏡下，所看見的影像和物體有何不同？在課堂上製作的顯微鏡能否讓我們看到同樣的影像？如不，描述你透過自製顯微鏡看到的影像？
How is the image observed under a light microscope different from the object? Does the microscope made in class result in the same observation? If not, describe the image formed by your microscope.
3.
當我們使用在課堂上製作的顯微鏡時，我們可以如何計算物體的放大率？
When we are using the microscope made in class, how can we calculate the magnification of an object?
延展部分Extension
如果學校有3D打印機，你可從以下網站下載3D打印檔案來列印一個夾子。把玻璃珠放入夾子上的小孔，然後將夾子夾在智能手機的相機鏡頭上，便能製成一個3D打印的顯微鏡。如果你會使用3D製圖軟件（例如Blender），更可以設計和製作自己的3D打印顯微鏡。
If 3D printers are available at school, you can download a 3D printing file from the website shown below to print a clip. Insert a glass bead into the hole of the clip. Combine your smartphone with the 3D-printed clip. You can also use 3D graphic tools (e.g. Blender) to design your own 3D-printed microscope.
放入了玻璃珠的3D打印夾子3D-printed clip with a glass bead inserted.
3D打印夾子可用於不同型號的智能手機3D-printed clip can fit different smartphone models.