任務Task
了解風力發電機是如何運作的，並在學校自製一個風力發電機。
Understand the working principle and functions of a wind turbine. Then, design and make a wind turbine in your school.
簡介Introduction
風力發電機的運作原理：The working principle of a wind turbine:
風力發電站內有很多風力發電機。當有風吹動時，它們的風車葉便會轉動，從而推動發電機產生電力。
In a wind power station, there are many wind turbines. When the wind blows, the turbine blades turn and drive the generators inside the wind turbines to produce electricity.
如何利用磁石和銅線來發電？How can we generate electricity by using magnets and copper wire?
把導電體（例如銅線）放置在一個改變的磁場中，會產生電壓。我們可以把轉動的磁石放在銅線中，便能製作一個簡單的發電機。發電機的電壓隨着以下因素增加：
When a conductor (like a copper wire) is placed in a changing magnetic field, a voltage is generated. We can simply make a generator by rotating a permanent magnet inside a copper coil. The voltage generated increases with:
- the rotating speed of the magnet
- the strength of the magnet
- the number of turns of the coil
第一部分—DIY方法Part A—DIY methods
老師會把同學分成三至五人的小組。與組員合作設計和製作一個風力發電機。設計風力發電機時，要注意以下各項︰
- 風力發電機的扇葉能被風轉動。
- 風力發電機產生的電力能使LED亮着。
Your teacher will divide the class into groups of 3–5. Collaborate with your group members to design and make a wind turbine. Remember that:
- the blades of the wind turbine should be turned by blowing.
- the wind turbine should generate electricity to light an LED.
1.
在以下的空格內繪畫並標註你的設計。扼要地描述製作風力發電機的步驟。
Draw and label your design below. Briefly describe your steps in building the wind turbine.
2.
列出你所設計的風力發電機所需的物料。你可用任何容易取得的物料。
You may choose to use any materials that are easily available. List the materials your group will use.
3.
描述你如何利用風力發電機產生電力，以使LED亮着。
Describe how you can make the turbine to generate enough voltage to light an LED.
4.
寫出你設計風力發電機時，所參考的資料來源。
Write the source(s) of any reference you used when designing your wind turbine.
第二部分—使用3D打印製作風力發電機Part B—Make a wind turbine by 3D printing
如果學校有3D打印機，你可以在我們的網站下載可供3D打印的模型。如果你會使用3D製圖軟件（例如Blender），更可以設計和製作自己的3D打印模型。
If 3D printers are available at school, you can download the model for 3D printing from our website. If you are familiar with 3D graphic tools (e.g. Blender), you can also modify and design your own 3D-printed model.
第三部分—把micro:bit轉換成伏特計Part C—Turning a micro:bit into a voltmeter
我們可以使用micro:bit來量度風扇的電壓。
We can use micro:bit to measure the voltage generated by a fan.
透過使用micro:bit，量度每個風力發電機的電壓，看看哪組的設計能產生出最大的電壓吧！
By using micro:bit, measure the voltage generated by each wind turbine. Let’s see the design of which group can generate the largest voltage!
第四部分—評價和改良Part D—Evaluate and redesign
1.
經老師准許後，你和組員便可收集所需物料製作風力發電機。
4.
老師會根據以下評核準則來評核你的表現。
| 評核準則 |
水平 |
| 優異 |
良好 |
普通 |
尚可 |
差劣 |
科學知識的應用
例如：它能發電嗎？
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
解難能力
例如：所使用的物料、風力發電機的強度等
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
設計的創新性
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
科技的應用
例如：micro:bit / Arduino / 3D 打印
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
報告及演示
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
整體水平
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1.
After getting your teacher’s approval, you can collect your materials and build the wind turbine.
2.
Present and display your wind turbine to the class.
3.
What modifications can you make to improve your wind turbine?
4.
Your teacher will evaluate the work of your group based on the following grading rubric.
| Assessment criteria |
Quality of work |
| excellent |
good |
average |
satisfactory |
poor |
Application of science knowledge
e.g. Can it generate electricity?
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
Practical skill
e.g. The use of materials, the strength of the wind turbine, etc.
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
Innovative design
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
Application of technology
e.g. micro:bit / Arduino / 3D printing
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
Presentation
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
|
Overall quality of work
|
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
5.
Submit Student’s Worksheets to your teacher after the lesson.